![]() However, external stressors, such as heat, oxygen, light, and especially moisture, are also important factors that damage PSCs. To acquire better chemical stability, Cs +, FA +, Br −, and other ions are added into the perovskite framework to replace MA + and I −, which has efficiently improved the intrinsic stability of perovskite film. The intrinsic instability of MAPbI 3 is one important factor influencing the long-term storage of PSCs, and is caused by its soft nature and low lattice formation energy. To overcome device degradation, many efforts have been put into improving the stabilities of both the material and structure. However, PSCs still suffer from the device stability issue. Based on the structure of TiO 2/MAPbI 3/spiro-OMeTAD, PSCs have acquired satisfactory device efficiency. At the same time, TiO 2 and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) are usually used as electron and hole transport materials (ETM and HTM), respectively. In the regular structure, MAPbI 3 is a traditional perovskite light absorption material. However, up to now, most of the record efficiencies have been obtained based on the regular structure, because this structure has better energy level matching, and more efficient charge transport and extraction. Both structures have helped PSCs to achieve great progress, with PCEs exceeding 20% in the past few years. In general, PSCs can be divided into the regular structure with the NIP framework, and the inverted structure with the PIN framework. The results show that the moisture- and oxygen-resistant PMMA:spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer is effective at improving the device performance. The device efficiency can maintain 77% of the original value for PSCs with the PMMA-doped spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, under a natural air environment (RH = 40%) for more than 80 days. It is shown that the PMMA can effectively improve the moisture and oxygen resistance of spiro-OMeTAD, which leads to improved device stability by separating the perovskite layer from moisture and oxygen. In this work, the spiro-OMeTAD is doped with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which is further used as the hole transport layer to improve the device stability. However, the instability caused by this organic function layer is a very important limiting factor to the further development of PSCs. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole transport layer have exhibited leading device performance. ![]()
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